Classical Latin | ๊ณ ๋ ๋ผํด์ด
Overview
- Language family, inflection system, legacy in Romance languages, SPQR inscription card
Pronunciation
- 8 rules โ hard C, consonantal V=[w], vowel length, stress accent, rolled R, silent H weakening
Alphabet
- 23 letters with Vowel / Consonant filter; click any letter for a detail modal covering sound, notes, and examples
Grammar
- 6 cards โ six cases, three genders, verb endings, SOV order, ablative absolute, subjunctive mood
Declensions
- 1st / 2nd / 3rd declension tables (radio tab switch, no JS) with full singular + plural paradigms and function notes
Verbs
- All four conjugation present-tense tables โ amฤre, vidฤre, dลซcere, audฤซre
Key Texts
- 6 canonical works with original Latin quotation, translation, and context โ Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Lucretius
Phrases
- 12 Latin phrases still in daily use โ pronunciation guide alongside each
Cuneiform | Sumerian
Overview
- Language isolate characteristics, cuneiform origins, grammatical features, and a clay tablet replica card.
Timeline
- Seven stages from clay tokens around 8000 BCE to the last known cuneiform tablet in 75 CE.
Cuneiform Signs
- 12 signs filterable across three tabs โ Logogram, Ideogram, and Phonetic โ with a detail modal on click.
Grammar
- Six cards covering ergative-absolutive alignment, agglutinative verb structure, SOV word order, case markers, vowel harmony, and determinatives.
Numbers
- The sexagesimal (base-60) system โ 18 cuneiform numerals from 1 to 3,600.
Key Texts
- Six landmark works including the Instructions of Shuruppak, the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Hymn to Inanna, and the Lament for the Destruction of Ur.
Decipherment
- Six steps from the Behistun Inscription to the modern Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI) database.
Arabic | ุงููุบุฉ ุงูุนุฑุจูุฉ | ์๋์ด ์
๋ฌธ
Arabic is a Semitic language with a history spanning over 1,500 years, making it one of the world's oldest continuously spoken languages. It is the liturgical language of Islam and the official language of 26 countries across the Middle East and North Africa, spoken by approximately 400 million people as a native language and understood by hundreds of millions more.
The Arabic script is written from right to left and consists of 28 consonants. Unlike Latin-based scripts, short vowels are not written as letters but as small diacritical marks placed above or below consonants โ and in everyday writing, these marks are typically omitted entirely, leaving readers to infer pronunciation from context. Each consonant takes one of four different shapes depending on its position within a word: isolated, initial, medial, or final.
Modern Standard Arabic (ุงูููุตูุญูู, al-fuแนฃแธฅฤ) is the formal written and broadcast standard used across the Arab world, derived directly from Classical Arabic โ the language of the Quran. Alongside it exist dozens of regional dialects (ุงูุนูุงู
ูููููุฉ, al-สฟฤmmiyya) that differ significantly in pronunciation and vocabulary, to the point where a Moroccan and an Iraqi speaker may struggle to understand each other in casual conversation.
Arabic has had a profound influence on world languages. Spanish, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Urdu, Swahili, and many others have borrowed heavily from Arabic vocabulary โ words like algebra (ุงูุฌูุจูุฑ), algorithm (from al-Khwฤrizmฤซ), cotton (ููุทูู), coffee (ููููููุฉ), and sugar (ุณููููุฑ) all trace their origins to Arabic.
4D | Spacetime Diagram
๐ Spacetime Diagram โ A Minkowski diagram showing that time is the 4th dimension. Watch Alice (stationary) and Bob (moving at 0.5c) accumulate proper time ฯ at different rates in real time.
๐ฆ Light Cone โ Drag the orange event point around the canvas. Hover anywhere to instantly classify that position as Future, Past, or Elsewhere. Nothing outside the cone can ever be reached without exceeding the speed of light.
โ Time Dilation โ Push Bob's rocket speed up with the slider and watch the two clocks drift apart. The Lorentz factor ฮณ updates live โ and a reminder that GPS satellites correct for exactly this effect every single day.
๐ Wormhole โ Particles enter Mouth A in 2024 and exit Mouth B in 1924. A real-time visualisation of the EinsteinโRosen bridge and how curved spacetime can connect two different moments in time.
๐ด Grandfather Paradox โ What happens if you travel back and stop your grandfather? Click either choice and follow the logic to its conclusion โ an infinite paradox loop versus the Novikov Self-Consistency Principle.
๐ Many-Worlds โ Every quantum decision splits the universe into parallel branches. Adjust the Split frequency slider to control how fast new timelines fork off, and watch the branching multiverse grow.
Breakout | ๋ฒฝ๋๊นจ๊ธฐ
๊ฒ์ํ๋ ์ด
10ร(4~6)์ค ๋ฒฝ๋ ๋ฐฐ์น, ๋ ๋ฒจ ํด๋ฆฌ์ด ์ ๋ค์ ๋ ๋ฒจ๋ก ์๋ ์งํ
๐ ๋ค์ด์ ๋ฒฝ๋ โ 3๋ฒ ์ณ์ผ ํ๊ดด (HP ํ์), 50์
ํจ๋ค ์ค์ ๊ธฐ์ค ๋ฐ์ฌ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ โ ํจ๋ค ๋์ผ๋ก ์น ์๋ก ์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ฌ
๊ณต์ด ๋ฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ฟ์ผ๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์จ ๊ฐ์, ํจ๋ค ์์์ ์ฌ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋๊ธฐ
์์ดํ
๋๋กญ (18% ํ๋ฅ )
โฌ ํ์ฅ โ ํจ๋ค ์ผ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋์ด์ง (6์ด)
๐ข ๊ฐ์ โ ๊ณต ์๋ 25% ๊ฐ์
โค๏ธ +๋ชฉ์จ โ ๋ชฉ์จ 1 ์ถ๊ฐ (์ต๋ 5)
โ ๋ฉํฐ๋ณผ โ ๊ณต ์๋ ์ฆ๊ฐ
2048
๊ฒ์ํ๋ ์ด
4ร4 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋์์ ๋ฐฉํฅํค๋ก ํ์ผ ์ด๋ยทํฉ์น๊ธฐ
์ ํ์ผ ๋ฑ์ฅ ์ ํ ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์
, ํฉ์ณ์ง ๋ ๋ฐ์ด์ค ์ ๋๋ฉ์ด์
โฉ ๋๋๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ โ ์ง์ ์ด๋ 1ํ ๋๋๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ
2048 ๋ฌ์ฑ ์ ์น๋ฆฌ ์ค๋ฒ๋ ์ด ํ์ (์ดํ ๊ณ์ ํ๋ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅ)
์ด๋ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์ ๊ฒ์์ค๋ฒ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ง
์กฐ์
PC: โ โ โ โ ๋ฐฉํฅํค
๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ: ๋ณด๋ ์ ์ค์์ดํ (์ํ์ข์ฐ)
Quantum | Double-Slit Experiment
ใฐ Double-Slit โ Slide the Observe control from 0 to 1 and watch the interference pattern vanish, replaced by a classical particle distribution. See for yourself how the act of measurement changes the outcome.
โจฯโฉ Superposition โ The rotating arrow on the Bloch sphere represents the superposed state. Click it to collapse the wave function โ the qubit will randomly resolve to either |0โฉ or |1โฉ according to its probability amplitudes.
ฮ Uncertainty Principle โ Narrow the position spread ฮx with the slider and the momentum spread ฮp widens in response. The product ฮxยทฮp โฅ ฤง/2 is enforced at all times, shown live.
๐ง Quantum Tunnelling โ Even when a particle's energy E is lower than the barrier height V, some particles pass straight through. The theoretical tunnel probability and the observed pass rate are displayed side by side.
๐ Entanglement โ Set different measurement angles for Alice and Bob, then click to measure both particles simultaneously. The quantum correlation between their outcomes is visualised in real time as the angle difference changes.
Calculus
Derivative โ The Slope tab
Move the mouse along the curve to draw the tangent line (in red) at that point in real time
A dashed secant line is shown alongside it, visually demonstrating the concept of a limit
Shrink the gap between the two secant points using the Step h slider to watch it converge toward the tangent
The slope angle and fโฒ(x) value are displayed live
Integral โ The Area tab
Drag the blue dot (a) to set the left boundary, then move the mouse to position the right boundary (b)
The Riemann rectangles approximating the area are rendered step by step
Increase the number of rectangles with the Rectangles slider to see the sum converge to the definite integral
The โซf(x)dx value is calculated in real time
6 available functions โ sin(x), cos(x), xยฒ, xยณ, โx, and |x|. The absolute value function |x| is especially interesting: try hovering over x = 0 to experience a point where the derivative does not exist.
Physics | Double Pendulum
๐ Gravity Well โ Hold the mouse button to spawn a second gravity source and watch particles shift their orbits. A real-time visualisation of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.
๐ต Double Pendulum โ Two pendulums starting from nearly identical conditions trace completely different paths over time. An intuitive demonstration of the Butterfly Effect at the heart of chaos theory.
ใฐ๏ธ Wave Interference โ Renders constructive and destructive interference patterns from two wave sources in real time. Drag either source to reposition it.
๐ชจ Sand Pile โ Click and drag to pour sand and watch the Angle of Repose form naturally as grains settle into a self-organised slope.
โจ Lissajous Curve โ Adjust the X/Y frequency ratio and phase to draw circles, figure-eights, pretzels, and more. The same principle behind oscilloscope waveform analysis.
๐งฒ Magnetic Field โ Drag the N/S poles to new positions and watch the field lines instantly reform around them.
World Clock
10 cities shown by default (London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, New York, LA, Dubai, Seoul, Tokyo, Sydney)
Card color changes by time of day โ Day (blue), Dawn/Dusk golden hour (gold), Night (deep navy)
Hover over a card to reveal the ร remove button
UTC time displayed live (top right)
Timer
[์ฌ์ฉ๋ฒ]
์ํ ์งํ ๋ง โ ๋จ์ ์๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์์ด ๋ณํจ (๋ณด๋ผ โ ๋
ธ๋ โ ๋นจ๊ฐ โ ์ด๋ก ์๋ฃ)
ํ๋ฆฌ์
๋ฒํผ โ 1๋ถ / 3๋ถ / 5๋ถ / 10๋ถ / 25๋ถ (ํฌ๋ชจ๋๋ก)
์ง์ ์
๋ ฅ โ ๋ง ์์ญ ํด๋ฆญํ๋ฉด ๋ถ:์ด ์ง์ ์ค์
๋ฉ ๊ธฐ๋ก โ ์๊ณ ์์ด์ฝ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฌ ์๊ฐ ์ค๋
์ท ์ ์ฅ
์๋ฃ ์ฌ์ด๋ โ 4์ ์์น ๋ฉ๋ก๋ + ๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ ์ง๋
ํค๋ณด๋ ๋จ์ถํค โ Space ์ฌ์/์ ์ง, R ๋ฆฌ์
, L ๋ฉ, E ํธ์ง
Periodic Table of Elements
The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups").
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table
โ๏ธ ์์ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์จํ
์ฃผ๊ธฐ์จํ(้ฑๆๅพ่กจ, ์์ด: periodic table) ๋๋ ์์ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์จํ๋ ํํ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ก์ค("์ฃผ๊ธฐ")๊ณผ ์ธ๋ก์ค("์กฑ")๋ก ์ ๋ ฌํ ํ์ด๋ค.[1] ํํ์ ์์ง์ด์ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ ๊ณผํ ๋ถ์ผ์์๋ ๋๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค.
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/์ฃผ๊ธฐ์จํ
๐งฑ Tetris
๊ฒ์ํ๋ ์ด (ํ์ค ํ
ํธ๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ท์น)
I, O, T, S, Z, J, L 7์ข
ํ
ํธ๋ก๋ฏธ๋
ธ ์์ ๊ตฌํ
๊ณ ์คํธ ํผ์ค โ ๋ธ๋ก์ด ์ด๋ ๋จ์ด์ง์ง ๋ฐํฌ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ํ์
๋ฒฝ ํฅ(Wall Kick) โ ํ์ ์ ๋ฒฝ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ค๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์์น ๋ณด์
์ค ํด๋ฆฌ์ด ์ ์: 1์ค 100์ / 2์ค 300์ / 3์ค 500์ / 4์ค 800์ (๋ ๋ฒจ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ ์ฉ)
์ฆ์ ๋ํ(์คํ์ด์ค) ์ ๋ํ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋งํผ ๋ณด๋์ค ์ ์
์กฐ์
PC: โ โ ์ด๋ / โยทZ ํ์ / โ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ํ / Space ์ฆ์ ๋ํ / P ์ผ์์ ์ง
๋ชจ๋ฐ์ผ: ํ๋ฉด ํ๋จ ํฐ์น ๋ฒํผ (๐ ํ์ / โ โผ โถ / โฌ ์ฆ์ ๋ํ)
๐น ๋๋์ง ์ก๊ธฐ
- 4ร3 = 12๊ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์์ ๋๋์ง๊ฐ ๋๋ค์ผ๋ก ๋ฑ์ฅ
- ๋๋์ง ํด๋ฆญ โ +10์ , ๋์น๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ
-๐ฃ ํญํ ๋๋์ง ๋ฑ์ฅ โ ํด๋ฆญํ๋ฉด -20์ (๋นจ๊ฐ ๋์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถ)
- ํํธ ์ +10 โจ / ๐ฃ -20 ํ์
์ดํํธ
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์ค๋์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ+
๋ฌผ ์ญ์ทจ โ ์ปต ์์ด์ฝ์ ์ง์ ํด๋ฆญํด์ ๋ง์ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ก (๋ชฉํ 8์)
์ด๋ & ๊ฑธ์ โ 1,000๊ฑธ์์ฉ ์ถ๊ฐ, ์ด๋ 30๋ถ ๋จ์๋ก ์ถ๊ฐ / kcal ์๋ ๊ณ์ฐ
์์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก โ ์ด๋ฆ + kcal ์
๋ ฅํด์ ์ถ๊ฐ, 2,000kcal ๋ชฉํ ๋๋น ์งํ๋ฅ ํ์
์ฒด์ค ๊ธฐ๋ก โ ์
๋ ฅ ์ ์ด์ ๋๋น ๋ณํ๋ (โฒ/โผ) ์๋ ํ์
๊ฑด๊ฐ ์ ์ โ 4๊ฐ์ง ํญ๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก 100์ ์๋ ๊ณ์ฐ, ๋ฌ์ฑ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฉํธ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ
[์์ด] ํ์ฌ์ ์์ด ๋ฌธ์ฅ 5ํ์, ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช
์ฌ
ํ์ฌ๋ณ ์์ ๊ตฌ๋ถ ์๋ฌธ
ํ์ฌ์ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ฑ๋ถ์ ์ฐจ์ด
์์ด ๋ฌธ์ฅ 1~5ํ์ ๋น๊ตํ
ํ์์ ์ ํํด ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋ง๋๋ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๊ธฐ
์ฃผ์ดยท๋์ฌยท๋ชฉ์ ์ดยท๋ณด์ด ์๋ ๋ถ์
who, which, that์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฒ
์ฃผ๊ฒฉยท๋ชฉ์ ๊ฒฉ ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช
์ฌ ๋น๊ต
์ฌ๋ยท์ฌ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ฅ ์ญํ ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช
์ฌ ์๋ฌธ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ
ํ์ฌ, 5ํ์, ๊ด๊ณ๋๋ช
์ฌ ํ์ธ ํด์ฆ