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This is an interactive laboratory designed to help users explore and understand charge-carrier flow inside semiconductors from multiple perspectives.

• Electron Flow — Visualizes the movement of electrons and holes, including thermal motion, drift, and scattering, in real time using Canvas.
• 4 Visualization Modes — Explore semiconductor behavior through Carrier Drift, Crystal Lattice, Thermal Motion, and Electric Field views.
• Material Models — Compare Intrinsic, N-type, and P-type semiconductors.
• Energy Bands — Visualize the concepts of the Valence Band, Band Gap, and Conduction Band.
• P–N Junction — Explore P-type and N-type regions, the depletion region, and the basic concept of electrical bias.
• MOSFET Channel — Follow the process Gate Voltage → Electric Field → Channel Formation → Carrier Drift → Drain Current.
• Concept Map — Understand the relationship Crystal Lattice → Energy Bands → Charge Carriers → Electric Field → Electrical Current.
• Interactive Parameters — Directly adjust Electric Field, Carrier Density, Temperature, Scattering, and Hole Fraction.
• Simulation Controls — Experiment with Inject Carriers, Pause, Reverse Field, and Reset.
• Real-Time Telemetry — Monitor Electrons, Holes, Drift Index, Scatter Events, and Current Trend as the simulation runs.
• Electron vs. Conventional Current — Visually observe the difference between the electron drift direction and the conventional current direction.
• Educational Conceptual Simulator — This is not a TCAD or SPICE tool for real semiconductor process or device design. It is designed as an educational conceptual simulator for understanding the fundamental principles of semiconductor charge transport.

Overview

An interactive, browser-based simulation of a traction elevator control system, showing how a Programmable Logic Controller processes inputs, executes ladder logic, drives outputs, and manages safety interlocks in a continuous scan cycle. The simulation runs a five-floor elevator with real physics — acceleration, deceleration, door timing, and counterweight movement — while exposing the underlying control logic in real time.

Content

Live Operation — The main view shows an animated elevator shaft with a moving car, counterweight, and spinning sheave. Hall call buttons on each floor and car operating panel buttons inside the cab register requests. The controller dispatches the car to the nearest pending call, smoothly accelerates and decelerates using configurable speed and acceleration parameters, levels at the target floor, releases the brake, and opens the doors automatically. A bottom console shows the PLC scan cycle animating through its four phases, live logic bar graphs for position, velocity, and door state, a timestamped event log, and the current state of the four main output commands — motor up, motor down, brake, and door open.

PLC I/O & Ladder — Shows the input and output racks with 24 VDC digital I/O addresses and their current on/off states, updated live from the simulation. A simplified ladder logic diagram displays five rungs covering the up motion enable, down motion enable, brake application, door open, and dispatcher dispatch coils — each with their contact conditions lighting up as the simulation runs.

PLC Scan Cycle — Explains and animates the four-phase PLC scan: read inputs, execute program, write outputs, housekeeping. A process image table lists all key addresses and their current values sampled live from the simulation.

Safety Chain — Shows the series of interlocks that must all be healthy before motion is permitted — emergency stop closed, doors locked, limit switches normal, brake monitored, and drive healthy. Training fault injection buttons simulate a door interlock failure, a drive inverter fault, and a limit switch fault, showing how the controller removes motion commands and applies the brake in response. A clear button restores all devices.

Controls — Mode switch between AUTO and MANUAL, sliders for maximum speed (0.4–2.0 m/s), acceleration rate, and door dwell time, manual jog up/down buttons (MANUAL mode only), emergency stop toggle, and controller reset.

An interactive atmospheric optics simulator that visualizes how mirages form through the refraction of light in air layers with different temperatures and densities.

Explore inferior mirages, curved light paths, heat gradients, road mirages, and superior mirages through real-time animated visualizations.

Adjust surface heat, temperature gradient, observer height, and air shimmer to see how atmospheric conditions change the apparent position and distortion of distant objects.

The simulator also compares normal vision, inferior mirages, and superior mirages, providing an intuitive way to understand why hot roads can appear wet and why distant objects sometimes seem displaced or floating.

An interactive educational simulator that visualizes how a robot vacuum understands, navigates, and cleans a home.

Explore the autonomous process of sensing, localization, mapping, path planning, obstacle avoidance, cleaning, and returning to the charging dock.

The simulator also introduces SLAM, LiDAR-style sensing, coverage planning, and the cleaning system through an interactive smart home environment.

Graph plotter · Statistics · Matrix operations · Base converter · Physical constants · History — all in one browser tab.